Skin pigmentation disorders

What are skin pigmentation disorders?

Skin pigmentation disorders involve abnormal changes in the colour of the skin, resulting from an imbalance in melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye colour. These disorders manifest in various forms, affecting individuals differently. Dr Kunene's expertise lies in understanding and addressing these intricate conditions to provide tailored treatment plans for his patients.

Types of skin pigmentation disorders

• Vitiligo: Characterised by the loss of skin colour in patches, vitiligo occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, are destroyed.
• Hyperpigmentation: This condition involves darkening of the skin due to excess melanin production and can result from factors like sun exposure, hormonal changes, or inflammation.
• Hypopigmentation: The opposite of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation leads to lighter skin patches due to decreased melanin production or absence of melanocytes.
• Hypopigmentation: The opposite of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation leads to lighter skin patches due to decreased melanin production or absence of melanocytes.
• Albinism: A genetic disorder causing a complete lack of melanin, resulting in very light or white skin, hair, and eyes.
• Melasma: Commonly occurring in women, melasma presents as dark patches on the face, often triggered by hormonal changes, sun exposure, or genetics.

Common signs of skin pigmentation disorders

• Irregular patches of light or dark skin
• Changes in skin colouration over time
• Freckles, moles, or spots that change in size or colour
• Uneven skin tone
• Discoloration in response to sun exposure

Causes of skin pigmentation disorders

• Genetics: Inherited factors can predispose individuals to certain pigmentation disorders.
• Sun exposure: UV rays can trigger or exacerbate pigmentation issues.
• Hormonal changes: Changes in hormone levels, such as those occurring during pregnancy or menopause, can play a contributory role.
• Inflammation: Skin inflammation due to various reasons may lead to pigmentation disorders.

How does Dr Kunene diagnose skin pigmentation disorders?

Dr Kunene employs a comprehensive approach to diagnose skin pigmentation disorders. This includes:

• Clinical examination: Thorough visual examination of the skin to identify patterns and characteristics of pigmentation changes.
• Biopsies: When necessary, Dr Kunene may perform skin biopsies to analyse tissue samples for a precise diagnosis.
• Advanced imaging: Utilising state-of-the-art imaging technologies to assess the extent of pigmentation disorders beneath the skin's surface.

How does Dr Kunene treat skin pigmentation disorders?

Dr Kunene tailors treatment plans based on the specific diagnosis, patient's medical history, and individual needs. Treatment options may include:

• Topical medications: Prescription creams to regulate melanin production.
• Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to UV light to target pigmented areas.
• Laser therapy: Precise laser treatments to address specific pigmentation concerns.
• Microdermabrasion and chemical peels: Exfoliation techniques to improve skin tone and texture.
• Counselling and support: Emotional support and counselling for individuals coping with the psychological impact of pigmentation disorders.